The doughnut model consists of two concentric circles. The inner circle represents the minimum necessary to meet the basic needs of all people, including food, water, housing, education, healthcare, and other essentials. The outer circle represents the maximum that can be taken from the planet without causing ecological degradation or crossing "planetary boundaries."

The space between the two circles represents the "safe and just space" in which humanity can thrive.

According to Raworth, the goal of economic policy should be to achieve a balance within this safe and just space, rather than prioritising GDP growth at all costs.

She argues that this approach would allow for economic development that is both socially and environmentally sustainable.

Raworth's work has influenced debates about the direction of economic policy and the role of economics in addressing global challenges.