There are several factors that can affect a company's pricing power, including:

• The level of competition in the market: Companies operating in highly competitive markets may have less pricing power than those operating in less competitive markets such as duopoly, oligopoly or a monopoly.
• The uniqueness of the product or service: Companies offering unique or specialised products or services may have more pricing power than those offering commodities that are widely available from multiple sources. When there are fewer close substitutes in the market, then the coefficient of price elasticity of demand tends to be lower.
• The level of product differentiation: Companies that offer products or services that are significantly different from those offered by their competitors may have more pricing power than those that offer similar products or services.
• Strength of customer loyalty: Companies with a strong customer base that is loyal to their brand may have more pricing power than those that do not have a strong customer base.
• The overall macro-economic environment: Economic conditions, such as the level of inflation, can also affect a company's pricing power. For example, companies may have more pricing power in times of low inflation than in times of high inflation.

Examples of companies with strong pricing power include Apple, which has been able to consistently raise prices for its iPhones and other products without significantly affecting demand, and luxury brands like Louis Vuitton, which are able to charge premium prices for their products due to their high level of differentiation and strong customer loyalty.